Animal living inside the Philadelphia Mint may have influenced images seen on American money for generations

Chapter 5

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It changes the type of evidence.

Peter's life becomes institutional oral history supported by a physical object.

The physical object is the mounted eagle.

The oral history connects him to Eckfeldt, the Mint, the accident, and the coins.

The design correspondence independently proves that a real dead eagle was used for Peale's 1836 drawings.

The evidence therefore overlaps.

It simply stops one step before absolute identification.

The preserved bird became evidence of its own

Peter's body was mounted after his death.

He survives today.

The current United States Mint tells visitors that Peter was a real bald eagle who made the first Mint his home and says Mint artists still study him when working on new eagle designs. (US Mint)

That gives Peter a status almost unmatched among American industrial mascots.

He is not represented by a statue.

He is not known only through photographs.

The preserved animal itself has followed the institution.

Philadelphia's Mint moved more than once after Peter's lifetime.

The third Philadelphia Mint opened on Spring Garden Street in 1901.

The Mint moved again in 1969 to its fourth and current building on Independence Mall. (US Mint)

Peter went with it.

A bird traditionally associated with the Mint around 1830 survived the demolition, sale, or abandonment of earlier facilities.

The building changed.

The machinery changed.

The coin designs changed.

Peter remained.

A map of Philadelphia shows how far the story traveled

The geography is surprisingly compact.

Begin at 7th and Arch Streets.

That was the area of the first federal Mint, established after Congress created the institution in 1792. Peter's traditional residence began around 1830, which would place his earliest years there. (US Mint)

Move southwest toward Chestnut and Juniper Streets.

The Mint transferred operations there in 1833. If the 1830–1836 tradition is accurate, Peter's later Mint years belong to this second building. (US Mint)

Move north to Spring Garden Street.

The third Mint opened there in 1901.

Peter's mounted body moved with the institution. (US Mint)

Then return toward Philadelphia's historic center.

In 1969, the Mint moved into its present facility near Independence Mall. Peter became part of the historical displays there. (US Mint)

The route covers only a few miles.

The time span covers almost two centuries.

Peter's body traveled farther through American history than it did through Philadelphia.

The Flying Eagle cent gave the old bird a second life

The Gobrecht dollar did not become the permanent silver-dollar design in its pure flying-eagle form.

When full-scale Seated Liberty dollar production began in 1840, the reverse changed to a more conventional eagle with a shield. (US Mint)

The flying eagle could have disappeared into numismatic history.

It returned two decades later.

During the 1850s, the Mint was trying to replace the old large copper cent with a smaller coin.

James B. Longacre, then Chief Engraver, experimented with multiple designs.

One used a flying eagle derived from the Gobrecht motif.

That design appeared on experimental cents in 1856 and became the regular Flying Eagle cent design in 1857 and 1858. The later design history identifies Longacre's bird as an adaptation of the earlier Gobrecht eagle. (Wikipedia)

This creates a clear artistic chain.

Titian Peale developed the naturalistic eagle studies.

Christian Gobrecht converted the chosen eagle into the 1836 dollar design.

James Longacre later adapted that flying bird for the small cent.

If Peter was the bird behind Peale's natural study, the Flying Eagle cent carries Peter indirectly even if Longacre never sat in front of the living eagle.

That is a more defensible statement than saying Peter directly modeled for the 1856 cent.

Peter had been dead for approximately twenty years.

His influence, if real, traveled through art.

The 1887 source explicitly connected Peter to both coins

The nineteenth-century illustrated Mint history did not stop with the Gobrecht dollar.

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Animal living inside the Philadelphia Mint may have influenced images seen on American money for generations

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